In Livermoreu, California (USA), the longest burning light bulb switched on in the world. In 1972 i

Planned obsolescence is the deliberate shortening the life of the product, which in this way helps to ensure consumer demand. As succinctly wrote a journal for advertisers, "a product that goes off, it is a tragedy of business" - and the tragedy of modern society, based on growth and accelerating circulation of production, kate moss terry richardson consumption and littering the environment. Economists and environmentalists believe that the company growth, as we know, in the long run unsustainable and planned obsolescence should become part of history because it is an infinite resource consumption is impossible to combine with the ultimate planet. But what are the alternatives?
I'm sure you Has it ever happened that you have purchased an item that broke down shortly afterwards, when he was past warranty. On the service you usually tell you that the product is not worth it to repair, because the repair costs more than a new product. I advise you to buy a new one. It regularly kate moss terry richardson happens in offices and homes around the world. You are just another victim of "planned obsolescence" mechanism at the heart of our consumer society.
We live in a society that is ruled by economic growth, which is the logic of growth in order to meet our needs, kate moss terry richardson but growth for growth itself. If the consumer does not buy, the economy will not grow. The role of the consumer is nothing more than buy things on credit, kate moss terry richardson you do not need. Planned obsolescence is part of the desire of consumers to hold something a little new, a little earlier than it should be.
In this format, developed by the transcript of the documentary film "The Light Bulb Conspiracy" aka "Pyramids of Waste" (Conspiracy aka Pyramids bulb industry waste) (2010) disclose how planned obsolescence since the 1920s, when manufacturers began to shorten the life of their products, the impact on our lives, in order to increase consumption. We'll find out how designers and engineers to adopt new guidelines and objectives, and returned to the drawing board to create something kate moss terry richardson that is more fragile kate moss terry richardson and easily perishable. kate moss terry richardson You is not even possible kate moss terry richardson to imagine a planned economy, without limitation, without its environmental impact?
In Livermoreu, California (USA), the longest burning light bulb switched on in the world. In 1972 it was discovered that the bulb is hanging in the fire station, a very special lamp. The light that illuminates the livermorsko station is continuously burning ever since in 1901. Ironically, the lamp is already survived two web cameras to monitor kate moss terry richardson its durability. In 2001, when the lamp is celebrating its centenary, she Livermore residents organized a birthday party at the American kate moss terry richardson way. The bulb was created in Shelby, Ohio, around 1895. Thread The lamp was invented by Adolphe CHAILLET. Invented by the fact that the last. Why this is its thread kate moss terry richardson takes, we do not know. That's the secret, who died along with it. Chailletova formula for long-lasting lighting thread is not the only mystery in the history of the light bulb. Much greater is the secret of how the lamp became the first victim of planned obsolescence.
Christmas 1924 was a very special day. In one of the chambers of the Geneva brought together some of the people in striated suits to work mysterious plan. They have created the world's first cartel, whose aim was to control global production of light bulbs and each other to share the cake world market. This cartel was called "Phoebus." "Phoebus" involving the main producers of light bulbs in Europe and the U.S., but also in distant colonies in Asia and Africa. The objective of the cartel was an exchange of patents, production control and especially consumers. For these companies have been much better if consumers are buying light bulbs regularly, rather than these bulbs last for long. This would be economically them it means a loss. But at the beginning of the producers strive for long service life of bulbs. 21 October 1871, a number of experiments resulted in the production of small lamps, incomparably large resistance, which lights the thread was very stable. The first commercial light bulb Thomas Edison, on sale from 1881, the holders of 1,500 hours. Until 1924, when he founded the cartel "Phoebus", manufacturers proudly kate moss terry richardson advertised lifespan of up to 2,500 hours and emphasized kate moss terry richardson their long-lasting light bulbs. The idea of a cartel was therefore "limited lamp life 1,000 hours." In 1925, it was designed by a committee, appointed a "Committee of thousands of hours", which aims to make technical limit the duration of lamps that time. Eighty kate moss terry richardson years later, Helmut Höge, a historian from Berlin, discovers evidence of the activities kate moss terry richardson of "the Committee", hidden in the internal records of the members of the cartel, such as the 'Philips' from the Netherlands, "Osram" from Germany and "Compagnie des lampes" from France. In the documents of the cartel writes: "Average lamp life, as a general norm, may not be provided, published or offered to any other value than 1000 hours." Under the pressure of the cartel, the companies began experimenting with creating a more fragile bulbs that will sit well the new norm for 1000 hours. The manufacturing process has been to ensure the participation of cartel members, under the watchful supervision. One of these measures was to the